命令式

• 巴利语：

• 英语: imperative mood

• 缩写： imp.

• 其他名称： 命令式，祈使语气

定义：

• （1）命令语气用于下达命令:tena hi,gaccha,很好，你去吧！

• （2）表示请求:bhante bhagavā appossukko viharatu,主人啊，就让世尊无忧无虑地住着吧！

• （3）祝愿，祝福:vassasataṃ jīva,祝你长命百岁！

• （4）前面加上mā，命令语气第二人称表示简单的禁止:mā evaṃ karortha,不要这样做！

• （5）bhavati(是)的命令语气第三人称单数常常用作惯用语，含有“好吧”的意思:hotu, ahaṃ jānissāmi,好吧，我会注意的。

——《实用巴利语语法》Charles Duroiselle 著 需要补充

常见用途：

需要补充

语尾表

	单数	复数	反照态 单数	反照态 复数
第三人称	-tu	-ntu	-taṃ	-ntaṃ
第二人称	-hi -x	-tha	-ssu	-vho
第一人称	-āmi	-āma	-e	-āmase

例词 karoti

	单数	复数	反照态 单数	反照态 复数
第三人称	karotu kubbatu	karontu kubbantu	kurutaṃ kubbataṃ	kubbantaṃ
第二人称	karohi kubbāhi	karotha kubbatha	karassu kurussu kubbassu	kuruvho kubbavho
第一人称	karomi kubbāmi	karoma kubbāma	kare kubbe	karomase kubbāmase

翻译指南

进阶用法

It can be used in 3 senses:

1. Pañha = this term literally means “a question, a problem” but in this context, its sense is defined as “doubt or uncertainty in a particular course of action or state of events”.

2. E.g. I may learn French or English. (The underlined words are represented in Pali in He is probably in America. Imperative mood)

3. Patthana = this term means “an expression of a wish, a desire, longing”.

4. E.g. May he arrive there safely! (The underlined words are represented in Pali in Imperative mood)

5. Vidhi = Depending on the context, this term means a request, a command, an advice or giving permission.

6. E.g. so gacchatu (Imperative mood, 3rd per. sing. Parassapada form < √ gam)

   • Request: Please let him go.

   • Command: He must go.

   • Advice: He should go, or he ought to go.

   • Permission: He may go, or he is permitted to go.

sadda pan goun

参考手册